by Betsy Mason, National Geographic
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The floor of the Gulf of Mexico is one of the most geologically interesting stretches of the Earth's surface. The gulf's peculiar history gave rise to a landscape riddled with domes, pockmarks, canyons, faults, and channels — all revealed in more detail than ever before by a new 1.4 billion-pixel map.
This striking view of the ocean floor off the coasts of Louisiana and Texas was created by a government agency you've likely never heard of called the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management (BOEM). The bureau's job is to manage exploration and development of the country's offshore mineral and energy resources. Consequently it has access to all the survey data that private companies collect.
The exploration companies use 3-D seismic imaging to map areas of the Gulf they are interested in. This involves towing high-powered underwater air guns behind a ship. When the guns fire, they create sound waves that travel down and are reflected back up by the sea floor. Lines of underwater microphones pulled along the surface behind the ship record how long it takes the reflected waves to reach them, data that can then be translated into topography.
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